Publisher's Weekly Review
During the past half-century Holocaust studies have perhaps become the most vital area of historical research. Yet books with the significance of this new history of the Holocaust are rare it is exhaustive as well as consistently insightful. From the opening chapters in which the authors, contradicting popular wisdom, argue that the direct eliminationist roots of the Holocaust are found not so much in the centuries-old European anti-Semitic legal regulations, but in the Inquisition's intention of social purification, the Terror of the French Revolution and the massacre of 1.5 million Armenians by the Turks in 1915 Dwork and van Pelt challenge and provoke. Rather then viewing the Holocaust as a distinct historical phenomenon, the authors do their best to integrate it into a wide range of historical, cultural and social conditions. In discussing the German subjugation of Poland, for example, they focus on how gentile Poles saw the extermination of Jews as a precursor to their own fate; in their discussion of how Jews coped with ghetto life, the authors examine in detail the underground schooling systems that benefited both students and teachers. They also place the history of rescue efforts (usually based on personalities such as Oskar Schindler and Raoul Wallenberg) in a broader and more complicated geographic and social perspective. The book is also filled with fascinating details that challenge our preconceptions for instance, it is a myth, they note, that King Christian of Denmark wore a yellow star in sympathy with his country's Jews, since no Nazi order was ever given for Danish Jews to be so identified. Like their important earlier work Auschwitz (winner of a National Jewish Book Award), this is beautifully and lucidly written, presenting complex and important information in a highly accessible manner. 75 illus., 16 maps. Agent, Anne Borchardt. (Sept.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved
Kirkus Review
Within the extended scope of European history, coauthors of the acclaimed Auschwitz (2000) deliver a rigorously documented positioning of the persecution and murder of Jews prior to and during WWII. Dwork (Holocaust History/Clark Univ.) and van Pelt (Cultural History/Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario) make judicious use of personal anecdotes plus numerous maps and photos to animate the retelling of events about which much has already been put on record. So contextually enhanced, detailed, and logically sequenced is this version, though, that even readers who have previously delved into the Holocaust may be shocked at how much remains to be dealt with. The ultimate Nazi brutalities, of course, cannot be enlarged upon, but a crucial role in their execution was played by hypocritical governments wedged between inflamed European nationalism and the specter of a new German war machine as Hitler rose to power after WWI. Among bureaucrats in countries threatened or occupied by the Nazis, the authors recount, phrases like "We did it to avoid worse" regularly justified anti-Semitic legislation and measures that would be later explained away as expedients never intended to be fully enacted. This "shield philosophy" thrived during WWII, they contend, "and always with bloody results." Possibly more controversial will be the study's historical groundings. The authors find a Holocaust harbinger in the Catholic Inquisition's systematic, ruthless, and century's-long hounding of such discrete "heretic" groups as "Hussites, Huguenots in France, Calvinists elsewhere." They make an even more direct link to the Reign of Terror, during which French revolutionaries pronounced anyone of noble blood to be an obstacle to social and political change: "The line from regicide to Judeocide is direct indeed . . . foreshadowing Hitler's murder of the Jews, whom he perceived as a barrier to racial utopia." A monumental, sobering attempt to make sense of collective insanity.
Booklist Review
Dwork and Van Pelt are the authors of Auschwitz: 1270 to the Present (1996), a history of the site that has come to epitomize evil. In their new book, their aim is to "untangle the paradoxical developments that led to the murder of six million Jews who--in the heart of a civilization that thought itself the zenith of human history--were identified, disenfranchised, marked, imprisoned, and killed because their existence was seen as a blot on the very civilization to which they had contributed so much." To achieve this goal, the authors examine such issues as the historic relationship between Jews, gentiles, and Germans; World War I and its consequences; National Socialism in the Weimar Republic; the Third Reich and its anti-Semitic measures; worldwide refugee policies that became a disaster for the Jews; and Jewish and gentile life under German occupation. They also examine the efforts by Allied nations to help the Jews and conclude that rescue operations were "small and far between." This is a monumental work of impeccable scholarship. --George Cohen
Library Journal Review
This thoroughgoing work does not treat the Holocaust as an addendum to World War II but as a separate event deserving its own account. (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.